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Economic momentum in the US hindered by reduced business spending but aided by consumer strength

Durante el cuarto trimestre de 2024, el crecimiento económico de Estados Unidos se desaceleró, avanzando a una tasa interanual de 2.3%, una caída respecto al 3.1% registrado en el trimestre anterior. Esta disminución se produjo a pesar de un fuerte gasto de los consumidores, que aumentó a una tasa del 4.2% en ese mismo lapso.

El gasto del consumidor se mantiene firme

El gasto de los consumidores, que representa más de dos tercios de la actividad económica de EE.UU., siguió siendo un factor importante de crecimiento. El incremento del 4.2% sugiere que las familias continuaron adquiriendo bienes y servicios a un ritmo saludable, contribuyendo positivamente al rendimiento económico global.

Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic activity, remained a significant driver of growth. The 4.2% increase indicates that households continued to purchase goods and services at a healthy pace, contributing positively to the overall economic performance.

Factors Contributing to the Slowdown

Several elements contributed to the moderated growth rate:

  • Weak Business Investment: There was a notable decline in business spending, particularly in equipment and structures, which restrained overall economic expansion.
  • Widening Trade Deficit: A surge in imports led to a record goods trade deficit, which negatively impacted the gross domestic product (GDP). The increased importation of goods indicates strong domestic demand but also means that more spending is directed toward foreign products, subtracting from GDP growth.

La inflación se mantuvo por encima del objetivo del 2% establecido por la Reserva Federal, con el índice de precios de los gastos de consumo personal (PCE), excluyendo alimentos y energía, aumentando un 0.1% en noviembre y un 2.8% en los 12 meses hasta noviembre. Las presiones inflacionarias elevadas han llevado a la Reserva Federal a prever menos recortes en las tasas de interés este año, manteniendo un enfoque cauteloso en la política monetaria.

Dinámicas del Mercado Laboral

El mercado laboral mostró resistencia, con un incremento de 154,000 empleos en las nóminas no agrícolas en diciembre, tras una subida de 227,000 en noviembre. La tasa de desempleo se mantuvo estable en 4.2%, indicando un entorno laboral constante. Sin embargo, el sector servicios experimentó una desaceleración, con el índice de gerentes de compras no manufactureras del Instituto de Gestión de Suministros cayendo a 52.1 en noviembre desde 56.0 en octubre, lo que sugiere una moderación en las actividades relacionadas con los servicios.

The labor market demonstrated resilience, with nonfarm payrolls increasing by 154,000 jobs in December, following a surge of 227,000 in November. The unemployment rate remained steady at 4.2%, indicating a stable employment environment. However, the services sector experienced a slowdown, with the Institute for Supply Management’s nonmanufacturing purchasing managers index slipping to 52.1 in November from 56.0 in October, suggesting a moderation in service-related activities.

Outlook for 2025

Looking ahead, economists anticipate that the U.S. economy will continue to face challenges such as persistent inflation and potential trade disruptions. The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy decisions will play a crucial role in navigating these challenges, with a focus on balancing efforts to manage inflation while sustaining economic growth. Consumer spending is expected to remain a key driver, but its sustainability will depend on factors such as wage growth and employment stability.

By Peter G. Killigang

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